Friday, 29 June 2012

LED Lighting in Art Galleries and Museums


At last a lighting technology has arrived which can genuinely do it all. Yes it can save all those maintenance hours changing light bulbs, it uses less than half the energy consumed by “energy saving” compact fluorescent technology and because each lighting element is a semi conductor, it can be controlled with ease. It also projects no Infra red and no Ultra Violet, the two specific elements which damage art and artefacts. What is more is that the bit that emits lights is also very, very small. Having said all that this technology is very, very new.

An art gallery really needs lights that do not need changing - often the light sources are very high and require at least two people, and often scaffolding to change one light. They are obliged by law to show their energy consumption and are therefore keen to reduce that energy bill. They have a range of items in their collection - some of which would show to best effect in a warm light, others in a cooler light, all needing to be as near to daylight in colour accuracy to project the artefacts to best effect. Most importantly all light sources damage the artwork and so much effort is made to reduce the amount of light on the actual collections - please see the British Galleries in the V&A or the Smithsonian Museum of America to witness where light levels are so poor that the much prized artefacts can be barely made out.

Recognising these enormous benefits the museum and gallery markets are piling into this new solid state - LED lighting. The energy reductions are dramatic and the lights do not fail. Furthermore there is no damage being done to the artwork. And yet to my judgement the galleries where these are installed completely fail to light the work sympathetically. The colour temperature is uniformly cold, the narrow beam angles make for a “hot” spot right in the middle of the cherished art work with much lowers light levels over the remainder of the work, and the light fittings themselves are astonishingly ugly with a series of white lights glaring.

How has this come to pass? Given that the technology can deliver all the stated benefits and that the payback certainly justifies the investment, why is it that so many sites have bought into compromised solutions?  The answer seems to be that the savings benefit is what has driven the change and not the aesthetic demands nor a complete understanding of what the technology can offer. It is considerably easier for a Building Services team to turn to their old supplier of art lighting and ask them for LED art lighting than it is for them to really learn up on the technology and understand how to assess what the technology can deliver and who can deliver it. The real experts on this technology are not the great brand names of historic lighting but electronics specialists dotted around the country - yes the UK has some of the very best thinking and expertise in the world.

The answer must be for the curatorial teams and building services teams to engage with the thinking of the technology experts. Both parties can then truly understand what each needs and what each can offer. Once each understands the other, clear specifications can be drawn up which determine the criteria required. Only then should we be commissioning LED lighting which genuinely suits the extraordinary collections we enjoy and the artworks they hold.
Ian Peter MacDonald, Norwich, June 2012

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